Nkhani

Zipinda zoyera ndi za gulu la madera apadera omwe ali ndi zofunikira zapadera zogwirira ntchito, kuyang'anira chilengedwe, luso la ogwira ntchito ndi ukhondo.Wolemba: Dr. Patricia Sitek, mwiniwake wa CRK
Kuwonjezeka kwa gawo la malo olamuliridwa m'magulu onse a mafakitale kumapanga zovuta zatsopano kwa ogwira ntchito zopanga ndipo motero amafuna kuti oyang'anira agwiritse ntchito miyezo yatsopano.
Zambiri zikuwonetsa kuti zoposa 80% za zochitika za tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso ukhondo wopitilira fumbi zimachitika chifukwa cha kupezeka ndi zochitika za ogwira ntchito m'chipinda choyeretsa. Ndipotu, kuyamwa, kusinthanitsa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zopangira magwero ndi zipangizo zimatha kutulutsa tinthu tambirimbiri, zomwe zingayambitse kusamutsidwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera pamwamba pa khungu ndi zipangizo kupita ku chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, zida monga zida, zotsukira ndi zida zonyamula zimathandizira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwachipinda choyera.
Popeza anthu ndiye gwero lalikulu loipitsira m'chipinda choyera, ndikofunikira kufunsa momwe mungachepetsere kufalikira kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi moyo kuti tikwaniritse zofunikira za ISO 14644 posamutsa anthu kuzipinda zoyera.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zovala zapadera kumalepheretsa kufalikira kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera pamwamba pa thupi la wogwira ntchito kupita kumalo ozungulira opangira.
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri poletsa kufalikira kwa matenda m'chipinda choyera ndi kusankha zovala zaukhondo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi gulu laukhondo. M'bukuli, tiyang'ana kwambiri za zovala zogwiritsidwanso ntchito zomwe zikugwirizana ndi makalasi a ISO 8/D ndi ISO 7/C, kufotokoza zofunikira pazipangizo, mpweya wabwino komanso mapangidwe apadera.
Komabe, tisanayang'ane zofunikira pa zovala zoyera, tikambirana mwachidule zofunikira za ISO8/D ndi ISO7/C ogwira ntchito m'kalasi yoyeretsa.
Choyamba, pofuna kuteteza bwino zowonongeka kuti zilowe m'chipinda choyera, ndondomeko yatsatanetsatane ya SOP (njira yoyendetsera ntchito) iyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'chipinda chilichonse choyera, kufotokoza mfundo zazikulu za ntchito yoyeretsa m'gulu. Njira zoterezi ziyenera kulembedwa, kukhazikitsidwa, kumvetsetsedwa ndi kutsatiridwa m'chinenero cha makolo ake. Chofunika kwambiri pokonzekera ntchito ndi maphunziro oyenerera a anthu omwe ali ndi udindo wochita ntchito m'dera lolamulidwa, komanso kufunikira kochita mayeso oyenerera achipatala, poganizira zoopsa zomwe zimadziwika kuntchito. Kufufuza mwachisawawa za ukhondo wa manja a ogwira ntchito, kuyezetsa matenda opatsirana, ngakhalenso kuyezetsa mano pafupipafupi ndi zina mwa "zosangalatsa" zomwe zikuyembekezera omwe angoyamba kumene kugwira ntchito m'zipinda zoyeretsa.
Njira yolowera m'chipinda choyeretsera imachitika kudzera m'chipinda chodyeramo, chomwe chimapangidwa ndikukonzekera kuti chiteteze kuipitsidwa, makamaka panjira ya munthu wobwerayo. Kutengera ndi mtundu wa kupanga, timayika maloko kapena kuwonjezera maloko a aerodynamic kuzipinda zoyeretsa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ukhondo.
Ngakhale muyezo wa ISO 14644 umapereka zofunika zochepetsera m'makalasi a ISO 8 ndi ISO 7 aukhondo, mulingo wowongolera kuipitsa ukadali wapamwamba. Izi zili choncho chifukwa malire owongolera a zinthu zinazake komanso zowononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizokwera kwambiri ndipo n'zosavuta kusonyeza kuti timakhala tikuwongolera kuipitsidwa nthawi zonse. Ndicho chifukwa chake kusankha zovala zoyenera kuntchito ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la ndondomeko yanu yowononga kuipitsa, kukumana ndi zoyembekeza osati mwachitonthozo, komanso pomanga, katundu wakuthupi ndi kupuma.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zovala zapadera kumalepheretsa kufalikira kwa tinthu tating'ono ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera ku thupi la ogwira ntchito kumalo ozungulira opangira. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira zovala zoyera ndi polyester. Izi ndichifukwa chakuti zinthuzo zimakhala ndi kukana kwafumbi kwapamwamba ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimapuma mokwanira. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti poliyesitala ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino cha gulu lapamwamba la ISO laukhondo malinga ndi zofunikira za Fraunhofer Institute CSM (Cleanroom Suitable Materials) protocol.
Mpweya wa kaboni umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera mu zovala zoyera za polyester kuti upereke zina zowonjezera antistatic. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzambiri zosapitirira 1% ya kuchuluka kwazinthuzo.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti kusankha kwa mtundu wa zovala malinga ndi gulu laukhondo, ngakhale kuti sikungakhale ndi zotsatira zachindunji pakuwunika kuwononga chilengedwe, kumalola kusunga malamulo a ntchito ndi kuyang'anira ntchito za ogwira ntchito m'dera laukhondo.
Malinga ndi ISO 14644-5:2016, zovala zapachipinda choyera siziyenera kumangirira tinthu ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'thupi la wogwira ntchito, komanso chofunikira kwambiri, zikhale zopumira, zomasuka komanso zosasweka.
TS ISO 14644 Gawo 5 (Annex B) imapereka malangizo omveka bwino pakugwira ntchito, kusankha, zinthu zakuthupi, zoyenera ndi kumaliza, kutonthoza kwamafuta, kuchapa ndi kuyanika, komanso zofunikira zosungiramo zovala.
M'bukuli, tikudziwitsani za mitundu yodziwika bwino ya zovala zoyera zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za ISO 14644-5.
Ndikofunika kuti zovala zamtundu wa ISO 8 (zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "pyjamas"), monga suti kapena mwinjiro, zipangidwe kuchokera ku polyester yowonjezeredwa ndi carbon fiber. Zovala zamutu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza mutu zimatha kutayidwa, koma nthawi zambiri zimachepetsa magwiridwe antchito chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwamakina. Ndiye muyenera kuganizira za zovundikira reusable.
Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya zovala ndi nsapato, zomwe, monga zovala, ziyenera kupangidwa ndi zipangizo zomwe zimagonjetsedwa ndi makina komanso zosagwirizana ndi kutulutsidwa kwa zowononga. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala mphira kapena zinthu zofananira zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za ISO 14644.
Mosasamala kanthu, ngati kuwunika kwachiwopsezo kukuwonetsa kuti magolovesi oteteza amavala kumapeto kwa njira yosinthira kuti achepetse kufalikira kwa zonyansa kuchokera ku thupi la wogwira ntchito kupita kumalo opangira.
Akagwiritsidwa ntchito, zovala zogwiritsidwanso ntchito zimatumizidwa kumalo ochapirako aukhondo komwe zimachapidwa ndikuwumitsidwa pansi pamikhalidwe ya ISO class 5.
Zovala zotsekera pambuyo sikufunika chifukwa cha makalasi a ISO 8 ndi ISO 7 - zovala zimapakidwa ndikutumizidwa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito zikangouma.
Zovala zotayidwa sizimachapidwa ndikuwumitsidwa, chifukwa chake ziyenera kutayidwa ndipo bungwe liyenera kukhala ndi ndondomeko yotaya zinyalala.
Zovala zogwiritsidwanso ntchito zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa masiku 1-5, malingana ndi zomwe zakhazikitsidwa mu ndondomeko yowononga zowonongeka pambuyo pofufuza zoopsa. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti nthawi yochuluka yomwe zovala zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosamala siziyenera kupyola, makamaka m'madera opangira kumene kuwongolera kuipitsidwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumafunika.
Kusankha koyenera kwa zovala zokhala ndi ISO 8 ndi ISO 7 kumatha kuletsa kufalikira kwa zowononga zamakina ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Komabe, pachifukwa ichi ndikofunikira kuwunika zoopsa zomwe zimapangidwira, kupanga dongosolo lowongolera kuwononga ndikukhazikitsa dongosololi pophunzitsa antchito oyenera, kutengera zomwe ISO 14644 ikufuna.
Ngakhale zipangizo zabwino kwambiri ndi matekinoloje abwino kwambiri sizingakhale zogwira mtima pokhapokha ngati bungwe liri ndi machitidwe ophunzitsira amkati ndi akunja kuti atsimikizire mlingo woyenera wa chidziwitso ndi udindo wotsatira ndondomeko zowononga kuwonongeka.
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