Nkhani

Zipinda zoyeretsera ndi gulu la malo apadera omwe ali ndi zofunikira zapadera zogwirira ntchito, kuyang'anira chilengedwe, mphamvu za ogwira ntchito komanso ukhondo. Wolemba: Dr. Patricia Sitek, mwini wa CRK
Kukula kwa malo olamulidwa m'magawo onse amakampani kumabweretsa zovuta zatsopano kwa ogwira ntchito yopanga ndipo chifukwa chake amayembekeza kuti oyang'anira akwaniritse miyezo yatsopano.
Zambiri zikuwonetsa kuti zoposa 80% za zochitika za tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso kuchulukira kwafumbi kumachitika chifukwa cha kupezeka ndi zochitika za ogwira ntchito m'zipinda zoyera. Zoonadi, kulowetsa, kulowetsa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo ndi zipangizo kungapangitse kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tituluke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo. Kuphatikiza apo, zida monga zida, zotsukira ndi zida zoyikamo zimathandizanso kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a chipinda choyeretsa.
Popeza ogwira ntchito ndiye gwero lalikulu kwambiri lachiwonongeko m'zipinda zoyera, ndikofunikira kufunsa momwe mungachepetsere kufalikira kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi moyo kuti tikwaniritse zofunikira za ISO 14644 panthawi yolowa m'chipinda choyeretsa.
Gwiritsani ntchito zovala zoyenera kuti muteteze kufalikira kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera ku thupi la ogwira ntchito kupita kumalo ozungulira.
Chofunika kwambiri poletsa kufalikira kwa kuipitsidwa m’zipinda zaukhondo ndicho kusankha zovala zapachipinda zoyera zoyenerana ndi mlingo waukhondo. M'bukuli tiyang'ana kwambiri za zovala zogwiritsidwanso ntchito zovotera ISO 8/D ndi ISO 7/C, kufotokoza zofunikira pazida, mpweya wopuma komanso kapangidwe kake.
Komabe, tisanayang'ane zofunikira pazovala zapachipinda choyera, tikambirana mwachidule zofunikira za ISO8/D ndi ISO7/C zofunika kwa ogwira ntchito pachipinda choyera.
Choyamba, kuti tipewe kufalikira kwa kuipitsidwa m'chipinda choyera, ndikofunikira kupanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito m'chipinda chilichonse choyeretsera mwatsatanetsatane SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) yomwe imafotokoza mfundo zazikuluzikulu zogwirira ntchito m'chipinda choyera mu bungwe. Njira zotere ziyenera kulembedwa, kukhazikitsidwa, kumvetsetsedwa ndikutsatiridwa m'chinenero chawo. Chofunikanso pokonzekera ndikuphunzitsidwa koyenera kwa ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi udindo woyendetsa malo olamulidwa, komanso kufunikira kochita mayeso oyenerera achipatala poganizira zoopsa zomwe zimadziwika kuntchito. Kuwona mwachisawawa manja a ogwira ntchito ngati aukhondo, kuyezetsa matenda opatsirana, ngakhalenso kuwunika mano pafupipafupi ndi zina mwa “zosangalatsa” zomwe zimayembekezera obwera kumene kuchipinda choyeretsa.
Kulowa m'chipinda choyeretsera ndi kudzera pa airlock, yomwe imapangidwa kuti iteteze kuipitsidwa, makamaka panjira yolowera. Kutengera mtundu wa kupanga, timagawa zotsekera ndege molingana ndi kuchuluka kwaukhondo kapena kuwonjezera zotsekera zosambira kuzipinda zoyera.
Ngakhale ISO 14644 ili ndi zofunikira zomasuka pamilingo ya ISO 8 ndi ISO 7 yaukhondo, mulingo wowongolera kuipitsidwa ukadali wapamwamba. Izi zili choncho chifukwa malamulo oyendetsera zinthu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi okwera kwambiri moti n'zosavuta kusonyeza kuti timayang'anitsitsa zowonongeka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kusankha zovala zoyenera kuntchito ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la ndondomeko yowononga zowonongeka, kukumana ndi zoyembekeza zotonthoza, komanso kupanga, zoyembekeza zakuthupi ndi kupuma.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zovala zodzitetezera kungalepheretse kufalikira kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera kumalo ogwirira ntchito kupita kumalo ozungulira. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira zovala zoyera ndi polyester. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti zinthuzo zimakhala ndi fumbi kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo zimapuma. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti poliyesitala ndi chinthu chodziwika chomwe chili ndi mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa ISO wachiyero, monga momwe zimafunira ndi protocol ya CSM (Cleanroom Suitable Materials) ya Fraunhofer Institute.
Mpweya wa kaboni umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera popanga zovala zoyera za polyester kuti zipereke zina zowonjezera antistatic. Kuchuluka kwawo nthawi zambiri sikudutsa 1% ya kuchuluka kwazinthuzo.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, ngakhale kusankha mtundu wa zovala malinga ndi ukhondo sikungakhudze momwe kuipitsidwa, kungawongolere kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ndi kuyang'anira ntchito za ogwira ntchito m'chipinda choyera.
Malinga ndi ISO 14644-5: 2016, zovala zapachipinda choyera siziyenera kukhala ndi tinthu tating'ono ta ogwira ntchito, komanso chofunikira kwambiri, zikhale zopumira, zomasuka komanso zosagwirizana ndi kugawanika.
ISO 14644 Gawo 5 (Annex B) imapereka chitsogozo cholondola pamachitidwe, kusankha, zinthu zakuthupi, zoyenera ndi kumaliza, kutonthoza kwamafuta, kuchapa ndi kuyanika, komanso zofunikira zosungira zovala.
M'bukuli, tikudziwitsani za mitundu yodziwika bwino ya zovala zoyera zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za ISO 14644-5.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zovala zovoteledwa ndi ISO 8 (zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa “pajamas”) ziyenera kupangidwa kuchokera ku poliyesitala wopaka kaboni fiber, monga suti kapena mwinjiro. Zipewa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza mutu zitha kutayidwa, koma magwiridwe antchito nthawi zambiri amachepetsedwa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwamakina. Ndiye muyenera kuganizira za chivindikiro reusable.
Mbali yofunikira ya zovala ndi nsapato, zomwe, monga zovala, ziyenera kupangidwa ndi zipangizo zomwe zimagonjetsedwa ndi makina komanso zosagwirizana ndi kutulutsidwa kwa dothi. Nthawi zambiri mphira kapena zinthu zofananira zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za ISO 14644.
Mulimonsemo, ngati kuwunika kowopsa kukuwonetsa kuti kumapeto kwa kavalidwe kavalidwe, magolovesi oteteza amavalidwa kuti achepetse kufalikira kwa kuipitsidwa kwa thupi la wogwira ntchito kupita kumalo ogwirira ntchito.
Akagwiritsidwa ntchito, zovala zogwiritsidwanso ntchito zimatumizidwa kumalo ochapirako aukhondo komwe zimachapidwa ndikuumitsidwa pansi pamikhalidwe ya ISO Class 5.
Popeza makalasi a ISO 8 ndi ISO 7 safuna kuvala pambuyo poyezetsa zovala, zovala zimapakidwa ndikutumizidwa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito atangowumitsa.
Zovala zotayidwa siziyenera kutsukidwa ndikuwumitsidwa, kotero ndikofunikira kuzigwira ndikukhazikitsa ndondomeko yotaya zinyalala mkati mwa bungwe.
Zovala zogwiritsidwanso ntchito zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa masiku 1-5, malingana ndi zomwe zapangidwa mu ndondomeko yowononga kuwononga pambuyo pofufuza zoopsa. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti musapitirire nthawi yochuluka yomwe zovala zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosamala, makamaka m'madera opangira zinthu zomwe zimayenera kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zovala zosankhidwa bwino zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo ya ISO 8 ndi ISO 7 zitha kuletsa kusamutsa zowononga zamakina ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Komabe, izi zimafunikira kutsata zofunikira za ISO 14644, kuwunika kowopsa kwa malo opanga, kupanga dongosolo lowongolera kuipitsidwa ndikukhazikitsa dongosolo ndi maphunziro oyenera antchito.
Ngakhale zipangizo zabwino kwambiri ndi zamakono zamakono sizidzakhala zogwira mtima pokhapokha ngati bungwe liri ndi machitidwe ophunzitsira amkati ndi akunja kuti atsimikizire kuti chidziwitso choyenera ndi udindo umapangidwa potsatira ndondomeko yowononga kuipitsa.